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Reparación del manguito rotador asistida por artroscopia
Resumen
Fundamento: la lesión del manguito rotador del hombro es una enfermedad frecuente que provoca dolor e incapacidad de la articulación. En la actualidad, el tratamiento de esta afección es por lo general quirúrgico, tanto asistida por artroscopia mediante una mini-incisión como solo por esta vía.
Objetivo: mostrar las ventajas de la reparación del manguito rotador asistida por artroscopia mediante una mini-incisión.
Métodos: la búsqueda de la información se realizó en un periodo de dos meses (primero de junio de 2016 al 31 de julio de 2016) y se emplearon las siguientes palabras: rotator cuff y rotator cuff repair, a partir de la información obtenida se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de un total de 715 artículos publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, Hinari, SciELO y Medline mediante el gestor de búsqueda y administrador de referencias EndNote, de ellos se utilizaron 51 citas seleccionadas para realizar la revisión, 47 de los últimos cinco años, además se consultaron seis libros. El estudio tiene un nivel de evidencia III, grado de recomendación B.
Desarrollo: se describen las condiciones o elementos a considerar independiente de la vía de reparación, entre los que se encuentran: biomecánica, clasificación, principios quirúrgicos, reparación en la huella o no y factores asociados al fallo de la reparación. Por otra parte, se hace referencia a la técnica quirúrgica en pasos, desde el tipo de anestesia, posición quirúrgica, abordajes artroscópicos y el de la mini-incisión. Al terminar, se plasman las complicaciones y las fases de la rehabilitación.
Conclusiones: la reparación asistida por artroscopia del manguito rotador constituye una modalidad de tratamiento semi-invasiva de gran utilidad con resultados muy similares a los realizados por la vía artroscópica en su totalidad.
DeCS: LESIONES DEL MANGUITO DE LOS ROTADORES; ARTROSCOPÍA; HERIDA QUIRÚRGICA; REHABILITACIÓN; LITERATURA DE REVISIÓN COMO ASUNTO.
Palabras clave
Referencias
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